PATH-2BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2019
Platelet rich plasma injection for acute Achilles tendon rupture: PATH-2 randomised, placebo controlled, superiority trial
PRP did not improve heel-rise endurance or patient-reported outcomes compared with placebo at 24 weeks.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
TRUSTBMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2016
Re-evaluation of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in treatment of tibial fractures (TRUST): randomized clinical trial
LIPUS did not improve functional recovery or speed radiographic healing compared with sham; the trial was stopped early for futility.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
Peerbooms PRP lateral epicondylitisThe American journal of sports medicine 2010
Positive effect of an autologous platelet concentrate in lateral epicondylitis in a double-blind randomized controlled trial: platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection with a 1-year follow-up
Corticosteroid gave better early relief but its effect faded, whereas the PRP group had significantly more successful outcomes at 1 year.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
de Vos PRP Achilles tendinopathyJAMA 2010
Platelet-rich plasma injection for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial
Both groups improved, with no significant difference in VISA-A between PRP and saline at 24 weeks.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
Diamond conceptInjury 2007
Fracture healing: the diamond concept
Proposes that successful healing needs all four elements together, so nonunion treatment should identify and address each deficient element rather than relying on a single adjunct.
OtherManagementBasic science
Hernigou bone marrow graftingThe Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2005
Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for nonunions. Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells
Most nonunions united, and those that failed to heal had received significantly fewer and less concentrated progenitor cells, suggesting a dose threshold.
Cohort studyManagementBasic science
Knutsen ACI vs microfractureThe Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2004
Autologous chondrocyte implantation compared with microfracture in the knee. A randomized trial
Both groups improved at 2 years with no clinically important difference in clinical outcome; microfracture showed better SF-36 physical component improvement, and histology did not show clear superiority of ACI.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
Bentley ACI vs mosaicplastyThe Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 2003
A prospective, randomised comparison of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for osteochondral defects in the knee
ACI gave better functional results and a higher proportion of excellent or good arthroscopic repairs than mosaicplasty at 1 year; mosaicplasty performed particularly poorly in patellar defects.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
BESTT rhBMP-2The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2002
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for treatment of open tibial fractures: a prospective, controlled, randomized study of four hundred and fifty patients
The higher dose of rhBMP-2 significantly reduced secondary interventions, accelerated healing and reduced infection rates, particularly in Gustilo type III injuries.
Randomised trialManagementBasic science
Brittberg ACI 1994The New England journal of medicine 1994
Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation
Most femoral condyle lesions had good or excellent clinical results with repair tissue resembling hyaline-like cartilage on biopsy; results for patellar lesions were noticeably poorer.
OtherManagementBasic science
Perren strain theoryClinical orthopaedics and related research 1979
Physical and biological aspects of fracture healing with special reference to internal fixation
Each tissue tolerates a different level of strain: granulation tissue tolerates high strain, cartilage intermediate and lamellar bone very little, so bone can only bridge the gap once strain falls below its tolerance.
OtherManagementBasic science